History

The information here is only meant to be a brief history of Wado Ryu karate. I would be grateful is anyone could correct any of the dates which I have as I did get differing ones from various sources.

Hironori Ohtsuka, the founder of Wado Ryu karate, was born in 1892 in Shimodate, Ibaragi prefecture. He was the son of a doctor of medicine, Tokujiro Ohtsuka. Below is a picture (standing on the left) with his brother, mother (seated middle) and two sisters.

Ohtsuka family

At the age of 5 in 1897, he started training in Shindo Yoshin Ryu Jujutsu with Chojiro Ehashi, who was his mother's uncle. Unlike other schools of jujustu, this line of study stressed atemi strikes (to the vital points) and kicking as well as incorporating the throws and ground work. Katsunosuke Ishijima was the original founder of Shindo Yoshin Ryu Jujustu. He later took his father's name of Matsuoka who was the official doctor to the Hosokawa clan, Kumamoto prefecture. He was later succeeded by Motokichi Inose and then Tatsusaburo (although I have also seen the name written as Shinzaburo as well) Yukiyoshi Nakayama.

In 1910 he moved to Tokyo to study at Waseda University majoring in Business Administration, whilst continuing his training at the dojo in Tokyo. The death of his father in 1913 forced him to return to Shimodate. He worked in a local bank and was not able to return and complete his final year of his degree. On his thirtieth birthday in 1921 he was awarded the menkyo kaiden (certificate of full transmission of the system) and the common understanding within Wado Ryu is that he succeeded Master Nakayama as the 4th Grandmaster of Shindo Yoshin Ryu Jujustu.

In July 1922 he began to train with Gichin Funakoshi at the Meisei Juku, a dormitory for Okinawan students, which was a dojo in Koshikawa. Gichin Funakoshi is generally regarded as the father of Japanese karate in that he gave up his position as a school teacher and brought the martial art known, formerly known as Tode, to mainland Japan and popularised it.

Tode, as an empty handed martial art, was a way of fighting which had developed on the islands of Okinawa and the earliest know records show its existence toward the late 18th century. The use and development of weapons, other than the sword and knife as these were banned by the Samurai classes, must have also occurred at the same time but that is another story.

Over time, passing traders and military envoys from China would pass on their knowledge of mainly Southern Chinese kung fu styles. It is even said that some of the katas like kushanku were named after these individuals.

Ohtsuka had said "...When I met Master Funakoshi he explained to me that he had brought 15 Ryukyu Kempo Jutsu kata, the 5 pinan, 3 naifanchi, kushanku, jitte, jion, chinto, seisan, wanshu and passai. On listening to him I was seduced by karate jutsu, I who had practiced martial arts since my childhood, and that is how I started to go to Meisei Juku and learnt the 15 kata."

Hironori Ohtsuka

Below is a photograph taken from one of Funakoshi's early books, Karate Do Kyohan, showing Ohtsuka attacking Funakoshi, demonstrating kneeling defences (idori).

Ohtsuka and Funakoshi

Ohtsuka can also be seen below showing knife defenses. He is acting as uke i.e. he is the one receiving the final attack. I believe these images are taken from Genwa Nakasone's book "Karate-do Taikan" (Encyclopedia of Karate-do) published in 1938. This has further been reprinted in 1992 and you can get the Japanese-only copy. Both participants are wearing traditional jujutsu uniform.

Ohtsuka knife defences

It is said that there was some friction between Ohtsuka and Funakoshi's son Yoshitaka, which may have contributed in him leaving the dojo in 1934. Another factor could be that Ohtsuka wanted to develop karate by introducing free-fighting and a competitive side to karate. He then founded Wado Ryu Karate Jutsu and Wado Ryu Jujutsu Kenpo. The material I have showed that that Wado Ryu was registered with the Butokukai in 1939.

Ohtsuka had originally wanted to register his system as Shinshu Wado Ryu Karate Jujutsu but on the advice of Master Gihachiro Kubo of Yagyu Shinkage Ryu he scaled the name down to just Wado Ryu as Shinshu could also be taken as a phrase for Japan as well as "wa" and he didn't want it to be too partriotic sounding.

This is a photograph of a meeting, in Tokyo, of the main karate instructors at that time. Hironori Ohtsuka is 2nd left, Gichin Funakoshi is 4th left, Choki Motobu 5th left and Kenwa Mabuni 3rd right.

Japanese Karate Masters

There is a story that gets recounted many times and seeing as the main people involved are shown above, I will re-tell it here.

The story was published in Nihon Budo Taikai and revolves around an encounter between Funakoshi and Motobu at Yasuhiro Konishi's dojo (training hall) in 1929 where Ohtsuka was also present. Motobu was accompanied by a tall strong 4th dan judoka (judo student) and he had planned to embarass Funakoshi by staging a test where the judoka grabbed Funakoshi by the collar and sleeve and challenged him to escape. Funakoshi was 60 at this stage and was a lot smaller, but also had the disadvantage of being held by the judoka before the challenge. He tried to escape using inside and outside blocks but with no effect and was eventually thrown against a wall of the dojo. Motobu then asked Ohtsuka to try but as he had a strong background in Jujutsu and was highly skilled he was able to throw the judoka without much difficulty.

I still need to get more background information but I believe that Ohtsuka also trained with the likes of Choki Motobu and Kenwa Mabuni, as well as other schools of jujutsu and kendo. It is also known that he was on good terms with Gogen Yamaguchi of Goju Kai, and Morihei Ueshiba of Aikido.